Lemon balm is a prolific member of the mint family that readily releases a lemon-like scent when its leaves are crushed or brushed against. Using steam distillation, the leaves also yield a highly aromatic essential oil that is used in the spa, massage, aromatherapy and cosmetic industries.
There are several active compounds in lemon balm essential oil that are involved in the calming effects of its aroma, as well as the oil's antibacterial and anti-viral effects when applied topically. Chemicals called terpenes appear to be primarily responsible for scent, while tannins lend germ-busting attributes. Another compound, eugenol, contributes to these properties and also provides mild antispasmodic and analgesic effects.