Celandine

Celandine (Chelidonium majus), also known as tetterwort, is a perennial, flowering plant related to the poppy. Although the poppy family (Papaveraceae) consists of numerous plants, trees and shrubs that are considered “cosmopolitan” because they thrive just about anywhere. Celandine is the sole member of its genus. Note that this herb should not be confused with lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria), which is a member of the buttercup family. To further distinguish between the two, C. majus is commonly referred to as greater celandine.

Like its cousin, the California poppy, celandine contains a number of isoquinoline alkaloids that make the entire plant toxic unless its compounds are prepared and administered in therapeutic dosages. Specifically, celandine contains the protoberberine type alkaloid coptisine, in addition to berberine. The plant also contains sanguinarine and chelidonine, which are benzophenanthridine type alkaloids. However, these agents do exert potent and beneficial pharmacological activity. In fact, these compounds have demonstrated analgesic, antimicrobial and sedative properties. In addition, there is evidence that celandine herb may enhance immune function and lower blood pressure. Extracts obtained from the root of the plant, which contains the same alkaloids as the leaf as well as caffeic acid derivatives, have been shown to widen arteries in animal studies.

Traditionally, celandine is chewed to thwart toothache, ingested to address complaints of the liver, gallbladder and gastrointestinal tract, and applied topically to counter warts, scabies and inflammatory skin disorders.

According to the Physicians’ Desk Reference for Herbal Medicines, an infusion made from 15 gm celandine leaf and 1 liter of water taken up to 3 cups per day, between meals, is the average therapeutic internal dose for adults. This herb should not be given to children, or taken during pregnancy since it has been shown to trigger contractions in smooth muscle, including the uterus. However, homeopathic preparations of this herb are available and provide a safe alternative. Infusions made from the leaf to topically treat skin conditions are also deemed safe.